تحلیل تطبیقی افسانه مضمون ارسطو در داستان منظوم جمشید شاه‌نامه و نمایشنامه اودیپوس شهریار

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی کیفی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه شیراز
2 استاد بخش زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه شیراز
3 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه شیراز
چکیده
موتوس (mythos) یا افسانه مضمون تراژیک از نگاه ارسطو اجزایی دارد که در این مقاله با ابزار اسنادپژوهی مبتنی بر روش تحلیل محتوا بررسی و مؤلفه‌های آن در داستان جمشید و نمایش‌نامه اودیپوس شهریار تحلیل و تطبیق شده است. مهم‌ترین نتایج: اجزای سه‌گانه موتوس داستان – دگرگونی، بازشناخت و کاتاستروفی – از نوع وصفی یعنی متکی بر وصف سیرت قهرمان است و در نمایش‌نامه‌ در دو نوع مختلط – مبتنی بر وجود دگرگونی و بازشناخت – و دردانگیز – بر مبنای نوع کاتاستروفی – می‌باشد. پیچیدگی موتوس که مبتنی بر وحدت کردار و رابطه آن با دگرگونی و بازشناخت است، در داستان موتوسی ساده‌ – به دلیل گسستگی کردارها و فقدان بازشناخت – و در نمایش‌نامه‌ موتوسی مرکب – متکی بر وحدت کردار با تسلسل کردارهای تابع به همراه دگرگونی‌ و بازشناخت – دارد. داستان چون بر مبنای قبل از خود و پیش‌گفتاری برای بعد از خود یعنی سلطنت ضحّاک است، موتوس تام ندارد ولی نمایش‌نامه‌ تام است. داستان به عکس نمایش‌نامه‌ چون حماسه است و روایت می‌شود، از جهت مخاطب‌محوری مطابق بوطیقا که نمایشی‌بودن را شرط موتوس می‌داند نمی‌باشد. هر دو اثر شروط اعجاب موتوس را دارند که بر اساس آن حوادث نباید قابل پیش‌بینی و غیرمنطقی باشد. مطابق بوطیقا فرجام هر دو اثر به شیوه عالی یعنی نتیجه حوادث خود است. افسانه مرجع آن دو که مطابق بوطیقا درباره طبقه بالای اجتماعی است، بکر نمی‌باشد ولی چون خوب تألیف یافته‌اند سرمشق آثار بعدی شده‌اند. در کل، نمایش‌نامه نسبت به داستان مطابقت بیشتری با بوطیقا دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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