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Land Reforms Program and abolishing feudalism as a part of Modernization in Iran and Russia are considered as one the most influent passages in social and political changes. Anton Chekhov in “The Cherry Orchard” and Akbar Radi in “The Magnificent Smile of Mr. Gill” are using the Land reforms and the fall of aristocracy in Iran and Russia as background and reveal the influences on characters of different social classes. These two dramas are based on authoritarian modernization in Era of Pahlavi II in Iran and Nicholas II in Russia which was done very quickly. Therefore these works can be used as appropriate references for comparative history studies about fall of landlords. Both works have a critical point of view to modernization. Both works create characters with identity crisis giving new dimension and revealing untold results of Authoritarian modernization what was ignored in history analyses. Analyzing the characters of both works prepares a process to follow the results of Identity crisis coming from modernization. This article, by comparative inquiring between plays and their historical contexts, attempts to trace a picture of critical conditions emanated from industrialization, decline of agriculture, and infrastructural alterations. The purpose of this comparative inquiry is to reveal how modernization programme result in alteration of the conditions of social classes, and in the identity crisis, which have been reflected in two Iranian and Russian plays created in similar contexts.         

Keywords: Modernization – crisis identity – land ownership – reflection theory –comparative dramatic literature

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